Internet Service Providers Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Internet Service Providers - Dissertation Example In the long-run, making it legal to allow ISPs to charge premium rate for â€Å"priority services† will open new business opportunity for ISPs to earn more money which eventually can be spent on further improvements on their existing Internet infrastructure or the need to build new fibber networks (BBC News, 2010; Blodget, 2010). On the contrary, there are also a large group of people and business organizations who will be negatively affected by implementing differential pricing on Internet services. For this reason, there are a lot of individuals who are against making it legal for ISPs to offer different levels of Internet services based on what the customers are willing to pay for. By allowing the ISPs to offer low market prices for poor quality Internet services, ISPs will have the edge to convince more people to pay more money for faster Internet access. It means that the end-customers will have to shoulder a large amount of money for using more Internet bandwidth (Blodge t, 2010; Jarvis, 2010). Two-speed internet aims to charge premium prices on content makers and customers who are willing to pay more for â€Å"fast lane† access (BBC News, 2010). ... s on YouTube or improve the current Internet services offered Google will negatively affected once the two speed internet connection is implemented (Jarvis, 2010). As a result, the number of audiences these online advertisers are targeting may eventually shrink. Net neutrality is referring to the principle wherein â€Å"data transferred through Internet services are treated with equal priority† (Stair, Reynolds and Reynolds, 2010, p. 275). It means that ISPs are obliged to collect equal payment from each of the Internet users regardless of whether or not the end-users are using more or less bandwidth. Implementing the two-speed Internet policy or differential pricing in UK can lead to the end of the Internet. Since it will be costly on the part of the Internet users to pay for Internet services, the overall expected Internet traffic will decrease. As a result, the business of content providers and online advertisers like Google and Facebook are expected to become less effectiv e. This is the primary reason why Google and Facebook are strongly in support of net neutrality for landline and wireless networks (Maisto, 2010; McCarthy, 2010). Q.2 Discuss the extent to which it is valid and useful to treat all â€Å"data† as being equal in the context of it being transferred across the internet. Net neutrality serves as a guide in terms of preserving the users’ freedom to have access to an open Internet. In other words, the context of net neutrality requires all data being transferred across the Internet should be treated equally provided that these data are legal. As explained by Andersen and Gray (2008, p. 289), net neutrality requires all ISPs to avoid promoting discrimination among its customers by offering speed-up or slow-down access to Web-based contents. Morley (2008,

Atenism as Related to Henotheism, Monotheism, and Polytheism Research Paper

Atenism as Related to Henotheism, Monotheism, and Polytheism - Research Paper Example It was a peaceful religion with brotherhood and kindness, taking precedence over the activities of daily living. Although many have considered it a type of pre-cursor to monotheism; there is no proof that it was; neither was it polytheism. It was actually a quasi-blend of the two more associated with the New Age religions, also known as henotheism. Atenism as Related to Henotheism, Monotheism, and Polytheism Initially one can say there are elements of monotheism, polytheism, and henotheism intrinsic to the ancient Egyptian religion of Atenism. In taking a closer look, Atenism is not polytheism, the worship of many gods and goddesses, or monotheism, the worship of one close and personal god, exclusive of all others, but more closely related to henotheism, a blend of the two where there is one main deity, either with multiple manifestations and names, or one main deity with many associates. While early Egyptologists felt that Atenism was a predecessor of monotheism, there has been no p roof linking that cult with today’s traditional monotheistic beliefs. (Lawlor, 2007) Atenism is the religion associated with the worship of Aten, the sun disk, who until about the 12th century B.C., was just one of the many gods and goddesses associated with ancient Egyptian religion. ... worship of other gods was permitted; however within five years of its introduction; Atenism had become the supreme religion with only one Supreme Being worshipped. During this time, Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaton, Glorious Spirit of the Aten, beneficial to Aten. He then proceeded to build a new city in honor of Aten, Akhenaten, the horizon of the sun disc; it is near what is known today as Amarna, between Thebes and Memphis in the Valley of the Kings. There is some speculation that since pharaohs were thought to be deity personified that perhaps Akhenaton was, as well, the messenger person for Aten. (Geller,2002) With the installation of Aten, nine years from the beginning of Akhenaton’s reign, all traces of Amun, the previous supreme deity, were erased even to the point of chiseling the inscription off of temples, statues and entering tombs to remove all traces of the former deity. This was a common practice aimed at removing the old and instituting the new as tho ugh the old never existed; it continues with Egyptian history today, as the national history books are re-edited with the installation of new leaders, showing the previous leaders as ineffective and requiring replacement. (Geller, 2002) In Atenism, God is seen as loving and beneficent, protecting and supporting his people through his very presence, which is real enough, though not personally involved. He is not seen as authoritarian, judgmental, and justice-oriented. The worship of idols was banned, and all references to Aten in written form were shown using a sun disk whose rays culminated in upraised hands. Later, Akhenaton permitted it to be written phonetically; a symbol of his radicalism in the new religion.

Communication Strategy Of Next Plc

Communication Strategy Of Next Plc To sustain a business, there must be effective and efficient communication. This means there must be efficient ways and appropriate channels of exchanging information with the stakeholders of the business, which is core to its corporate strategy. This report evaluates the corporate communication strategy adopted by Next Plc, a UK based retailer with over 180 stores spanning continental Europe, Scandinavia, Russia, Middle-East, India and Japan and with international website serving the USA and 30 other countries worldwide. The report highlights the fact that Next has got an established human resource management which continually develops and implements internal communication strategies to enable all employees receive and understand information that is timely, accurate, relevant motivational. In terms of its image, a report by Susannah Streeter(July 2010), a BBC reporter reveals that Next Plc had been breaching consumer law by not refunding delivery charges on online purchases though returned within seven days. This had a damaging effect on the companys image but they were quick to offer apologies to their customers and retrace theirs steps. Also according to a Mintel report(October 2010), Next clothing are also known for qual ity with which it scores with its customers, but the challenge it faces is that as disposable incomes come under pressure, its many young customers might turn to value retailers. However, if it tries to diversify into third party brands, it may erode the image and values of its brand. Hence, the need for effective communication strategies for corporate and brand repositioning. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 2 LIST OF FIGURES 3 3 INTRODUCTION 4 4 FINDINGS 5 5 Conclusions and Recommendations 14 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.0 Nexts Record of Sales 2005-2009 Figure 1.1 Abergs Total Communications Domain Figure 1.2 Argentis Reputation framework Figure 1.3 Cornelissens Stakeholder Model of Strategic Management Figure 1.4 Hofstedes Framework of cultural dimensions Figure 1.5 Mckinseys 7-S Model Figure 1.6 General structure of Corporate Governance. Figure 1.7 Ulrichs 4 roles of Human Resources Figure 1.8 Harvard Map of HRM theory by Beer et al(1984) Figure 1.9 Horizontal/Vertical structure of communication INTRODUCTION According to Cornelissen Joep(2008 p.5), a likely characteristic of corporate communication is that it can turn out to be complex in nature. For small-medium firms, communication complexity is quite minimal but with large corporations, if due care is not taken, communication can turn out to be cumbersome. Cornelissen J.(2008,p.95) also states that managing corporate communication requires a communication strategy that describes the general image that an organisation aims to project through themed messaging to stakeholders. As a result of this complexity, this report will aim to provide insights and explore the corporate communication strategy of Next Plc. A Proquest(2011) report tells of challenges faced by Next in the four year period to 2009 as a result of laxity over its positioning and recession. By the time it realized that trends were changing, it had lost grounds. The targeted young customers were maturing and reduced their spending due to additional responsibilities. Erosion of its brand due to over-diversification was another issue. Next has lost ground since 2005 but seems to be emerging now from the underperformance period according to the graph below: Figure 1.0: Next UK sales as a share of clothing specialists Source: Next Company Accounts and Annual Reports/Mintel 2010 An industry expert, Raoul Shah, CEO of Exposure evoked that Next should develop a higher brand profile and image and senior executives need to plan new communication strategies, be more visible in the media, give more interviews and build deeper relationships with customers and stakeholders.(Proquest, n.d). Essentially there has to be a corporate identity management in place. This report will seek to investigate the corporate communication strategy of NEXT Plc with regards to its stakeholder management, Corporate image and identity, its Human resource management among others. These will be achieved through research, recommendations and conclusions will be made based on findings from the company website, articles on the company and its industry, journals, their annual reports and other relevant materials. FINDINGS What is Corporate Communications? Corporate communication is the ability of an organisation to effectively communicate to its stakeholders. This definition gives a general overview or understanding of what corporate communication is about. Looking into a more complex and detailed definition, corporate communications would then be defined as: an instrument of management by means of which all consciously used forms of internal and external communication are harmonised as effectively and efficiently as possible, so as to create a favourable basis for relationships with groups upon which the company is dependent. (Van Riel,1995, p.26) Figure 1.1 : The total communications domain(Aberg 1990) Source: Van Riel (1995) Principles of corporate communication. Van Riel(1995) supports Aberg (1990) that all communication activities within an organisation must be integrated so as to support the achievement of the organisations aims and goals. This is where care must be taken so to address communication complexity effectively and efficiently. It is about the reputation of the organisation, people being able to identify with the organisation and about the formal systems of communication at the highest level. Please see Appendix 1 and 2 for a history and timeline of Next Plc. Image Identity and Reputation Image is the picture of an organisation as perceived by target groups while identity is associated with the way in which a company presents itself to the target groups, by the use of symbols, communication and behaviour(van Riel,1992). Argenti (2007) also states that image is a reflection of an organisations identity. These definitions shed light on the fact that there is but a thin line between image and identity as the former sees from the outside while the latter projects from the inside. It was reported that Next was breaching regulations by not refunding online delivery costs to customers even if they return goods within seven working days. This would have damaged Nexts corporate image, but the companys executives were quick to offer apologies to redeem its image.(BBC Business News, July 2010). According to Richard R. Dolphin(1999), people learn to identify with a company by noting everything it does. In terms of image, whether Nexts customers decide to use the Next Directory or website, visit a Next retail store, the strength of the brand continues to be a powerful attraction in terms of design consistency, value and quality their customers know they can trust. To support this, Richard R. Dolphin (1999) says organizations communicate with those that they perceive as stakeholders because they desire an enhanced awareness, understanding and appreciation of their identity and their core beliefs as well as of their products and their services. Next has an outstanding record of achievement as a result of continued success of innovative shopping concept. Nexts greatest assets are its exclusive designs and distinctive styling that have given it a strong brand image. Figure 1.2 Reputation Framework Source: Argenti, Paul. Corporate Communications(2007) George Davies, a retail entrepreneur, believed in the 80s that tailored jacket could establish Next, as long as it represented fantastic value for the price and high quality (identity). This was their brand positioning at the time. In February 1982 Next opened its first seven shops and the sales were two and-a-half times what the company had originally estimated. Davies found a ready market for his merchandise(as customers were able to identify with the positioning) providing what he called affordable collectables, which represented good design at reasonable prices(image). (Fashion encyclopedia) Next was able to give the public a better product in terms of their expectation of quality at the price point. Also, Next logo has been changed from time to time in terms of the use of upper and lower case letters and also background colour probably as a brand repositioning strategy. Even the name Next suggests something to look forward to which essentially says a lot about how the company wants to be perceived or positioned in the minds of its customers hence translating into the image as conceived in the minds of its various stakeholders which over a period of consistency earns the company a reputation. This relationship is supported with Argentis Reputation framework (figure 1.2). Management of stakeholders Cornelissen J. (2008, p.42) defines a stakeholder as any group or individual who can affect or is affected by the achievement of the organisations purpose and objectives. Next addresses environmental, social, ethical and business related impacts on its stakeholders as a way of managing and bringing value to them. (Next website) NEXT has a strategy of addressing the issue of the organisations reputation as there are different expectations from different stakeholders. The Board at Next represents and promotes its shareholders interests. The Board gives account of the performance and activities of the Group and then communicates this with its shareholders with respect to the business activities.(Ezine Articles 2009). The company recognizes a need to address every kind of stakeholder it has. Figure 1.3 Stakeholder model of strategic management. Source: Cornelissen Joep, 2008. p.39 Next adopts and implements a code of conduct that delivers benefits for its workers across the globe by which means it fulfils its responsibility to uphold international labour laws with its suppliers. The company sources the products it sells from many countries around the world. It recognizes the responsibility it has to work closely with its global suppliers, and is committed to ensuring its products are made in a clean and safe environment, in accordance with all relevant local and national laws and legislation, and by workers who are treated with respect and paid fairly for the work they do.(Nextplc.co.uk). Every company has got its own reasons for being in business. For whatever reason for which a business might be in existence, it must take into consideration its responsibility to the environment in which it trades which includes its stakeholders (Government, shareholders/investors, suppliers, customers, etc) and the world at large. Please refer to the bibliography for a full statement of Corporate responsibility from Next and how it relates with each group of stakeholders. Role of Culture According to Tourish and Hargie (2004), culture can be defined as a collective (for example society, organisation, group or sub-group) interpreted for its sense of social integration, differentiation, and fragmentation. It is the culture of Next to have the interest of its people(including stakeholders) at the centre of its business. Figure 1.4 Hofstedes Framework of cultural dimensions. Source: Hofstede, G. (1994). Cultures and Organisations, London: Harper Collins As a result, the company had its business strategy implemented within a genuine organisational culture and continuous investment in its employees. This in essence gives employees a sense of security and loyalty towards the organisation and in essence help to relax the power distance(Hofstedes power distance) between employees and their bosses. A multi-national organisation such as Next, by reasons of its geographical dispersion will work with and employ people from diverse cultures, hence the need to possess a sensitive communication strategy. Cornelissen J.(2008, p.71) describes an organisations culture as the values as felt and shared by all employees of the organisation. For instance, to contain the situation of cultural differences and language in its countries of operation, Next has a multi-lingual website for its online home-shopping, Next Directory. This is a good step in the right direction in terms of communication strategy. With regards to Hofstedes concept of individualism, Next plc supports collectivism rather than individualism. It encourages employees to be integrated to a single corporate group rather than individual groups. It has in place a training and development team which designs and implements interventions to drive forward the fun, fair and rewarding culture of working together. Role of Technology According to Tourish and Hargie (2004), a torrent in recent years resulting from the surging river of technology is a key feature of the organisational landscape. Technology has proven to be very dynamic in nature and for an organisation that wants to reach and connect with a vast majority of its stakeholders or even expand its customer base in a competitive world, it must also be technologically pro-active. Tourish and Hargie (2004,p.74) supports the views of Clampitt and Downs()993) and Hargie and Tourish(2000), that communication has been at the centre of successful organisations, causing a challenge to create a communication system that is efficient and effective when it comes to addressing the needs of its customers and external and internal stakeholders. Internet popularity and new media reception offers enormous opportunities for NEXT to improve its communication strategy. According to Tourish and Hargie (2004, p.74), technology alone does not solve problems, it only offers opportunities so it must fit into already existing communication strategy. Next increased its customer base to over 2 million with the launch of the Next Directory internet shopping in 1999. The website also has multi-lingual features which helps to translate to other languages to aid user friendliness. This strategy will help Next to influence its customer behaviour. Next is a people oriented organization. Even employees may have instant access to senior managers via their e-mail address, which in essence reduces power distance as Hofstedes cultural dimension illustrates. Human Resource Management Beardwell et al (2004,p.6) supports Legge(1995) that the analysis of HRM in terms of style has revolved around whether it can be regarded as hard or soft. Soft HRM according to him is often viewed as developmental humanism in which the individual integrates into a process of work that values trust, communication and commitment while Hard HRM emphasizes cost minimization strategies. With regard to the Soft HRM, NEXT employs over 58000 people and sees its employees as valuable assets to the organization and is committed to their development by providing a working environment in which they can to achieve their full potential and accessing opportunities for both personal and professional development.(Nextplc.co.uk). Nexts recruitment is done online via the HR department. Figure 1.5 McKinseys 7-S model. Source: www.Mindtools.com Nexts human resource approach is a mixture of both the Hard and Soft approaches in line with McKinseys 7S model(pictured above). Employees enjoy an environment of support and respect, fair treatment, listened to, welfare and motivated to achieve their full potential, which is the core of its human resource management. Next applies the soft approach of recruitment policies, development and training of employees and is also committed to investment of time and resource for support, engagement and motivation of employees to feel valued, developing rewarding careers and want to stay with the company. There are reward systems for employee motivation as a hard approach. As the business continues to develop, Next understands that effective and committed employees will help to continue delivering excellent quality products and services to its customers. This suggests an output-based HRM. Ulrichs model of HRM can be substantiated with Next in that, most of its top people (executives and non-ex ecutives alike ) have been with the company for many years and this is because Next makes its employees feel valued thereby gaining their loyalty and they, over the years, work through the four roles till they become strategic partners. Figure 1.6 Ulrichs 4 roles of HR Source: Ulrich, D.(1998) Human Resource Champions. The Harvard HRM framework as developed by Beer et al(1984) explains that every organization must recognise all groups of stakeholders. Most of Nexts success can be attributed to its business strategy infused with stakeholder centred HRM strategy which can be confirmed with its statement of social responsibility. (Appendix 3) Figure 1.7 Harvard Map of HRM territory, by Beer et al(1984) Source: Beardwell et al(2004) Corporate Governance An enforced and well defined corporate governance provides a structure that works for the benefit of everyone concerned(at least in theory), by ensuring that the enterprise adheres to formal laws, best practices and to accepted ethical standards. Next has got various committees and officers overseeing its many business units in order to ensure smooth running and effective corporate communication flow. Figure 1.3 below further explains the general order or structure of corporate governance which also explains that of Next Plc. Next has a four-member audit committee which reviews the risk management process thereby refering significant risk issues to the Board for handling. Next Board is responsible for major policy decisions whilst delegating more detailed matters to its committees and officers including the Chief Executive. (Next Plc, Corporate Governance). The Board at Next represents and promotes the interests of shareholders (Ezine Articles, n.d) and also other arms including the HR and PR departments are there to help ensure communication strategies are effectively implemented. Figure 1.8 General Structure of Corporate Governance. Source: Johnson et al (2011) Exploring Strategy. Conclusions and Recommendations In conclusion, the organization has to be sustained and successful so effective corporate communication strategy is very essential in tackling its communication challenges. As a result of the unpredictable nature and diversity of stakeholders, drawing up a corporate communication strategy can in fact be very challenging. Sometimes stakeholders still lack commitment to an organization no matter how the organization tries to keep them informed or involved. The management of Next Plc had trivialised this important fact and went on playing on their customers intelligence by breaking consumer law in failing to refund delivery charges on goods bought online even when returned within seven days. The media got a hold of this activity and then made it public. This singular act could make it difficult for Next to achieve its own objectives with its stakeholders. The effect of it was damaging on the companys image and reputation but the management was quick to offer apologies to their customers before any further damages could be made.. Also with the concept of cultural division, Next as a multi-national organization employs and works with people of diverse cultural orientations and backgrounds who sometimes may see different meanings to the same words or statements. Multi-national companies may not always be able to adapt to all the cultural differences and at the same time maintain consistency in portraying their corporate culture but they would have to make strategies that inculcate cultural common grounds. It is sometimes difficult selecting the appropriate channels as well. For instance, Next plc has a multilingual website, though not all languages are included. This also poses a challenge as some cultures might feel left out. Next Plc is committed to abiding by rules and regulations in countries where it operates. Changes in laws and regulations of different countries are also unpredictable as most of the times they may run counter to an organizations strategic interest. These changes sometimes create difficul ty in maintaining its performance culture; for this reason it is confident but cautious at the same time. Against all odds of adverse circumstances and social rethinking, Next has continually moved forward the high standards of quality and processes of improvement using its keen minds. Thereby managing communication complexities arising in relation to it stakeholders. Hence, its ability to synchronise image, identity, reputation and human resource management.

Mexico Essay -- Mexican Economy, Politics

Mexico is a country that has long been thought of as being an impoverished nation, with many more people who are among the poor that those who can be reasonably be considered to be wealthy. In recent years the Mexican people have had a dramatic change in their demographic outlook, with the largest change being in the fertility rate having dropped from 6.5 in the early 70’s to its current rate of 2.2 – easily the fastest rate of decline in the world today. With the importance of family to the Mexican people it is hard to imagine that these new rates will be sustainable in the future and will have dramatic negative implications for the economies of both Mexico and the United States as the population ages without replacement workers (McGoldrick, Giordano & Garcia-Preto, 2005; Sedano, 2008). The Mexican people are a people who find their roots amongst the Mayan, Aztecan and other Native American people. They also often share an ancestry with the European Spanish who conquered and settled much of what is today Mexico and the American Southwest. Their common language is Spanish and the majority of Mexican people follow the Catholic religion, which interestingly has changed in many ways to include many of the traditions and symbols of the other more ancient religions that were practiced before the Spanish conquest and the forced conversion of the natives. There still runs a deep attachment to â€Å"folk† medicine to cure ailments that are most likely caused by stress or other psychological means such as fright, the â€Å"evil eye† and even indigestion (McGoldrick, et. al., 2005). The family in Mexico is predominantly patriarchal in nature there is also a great deal of respect that is due the mothers of the family. Family types range from nuclea... ...e more educated parents (McCabe, 2002). It was discovered that such factors as income, perceptions of stigma, expectations of therapist directness, therapist-client match and even acculturation had no significant effect of the dropout rates. The greatest predictors were instead, parental belief in strict discipline in reaction to behavioral and emotional problems along with the perception of barriers to getting treatment (McCabe, 2002). While it is seen that acculturation may increase the ability of the client to seek assistance and that the acculturation of the parents may help them better understand the role of therapy in helping with behavioral and emotional problems will help more adolescents with these problems seek help it does was shown that improving the parents expectations and attitudes towards therapy may have beeter retention outcomes (McCabe, 2002).

Environment, Geographical Location, and its Affects on The Early River-Valley Essay

Food, shelter, fertile land, and trade were essential for early river-valley civilizations. Without food, shelter, fertile land, and trade early river-valleys where doomed for any future success in the land. Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley are examples of some early river-valley civilizations that relied heavily on its geographies and Mother Nature. For early river-valley civilizations in Egypt the Nile River played a crucial role. Without the Nile, Egypt would be a bleak and hospitable desert filled with mountains, and rocks. The Nile provided water for the people of Egypt. With the Nile being really the only source of water for all of Egypt, I would imagine that these civilizations cherished the Nile heavily. The Nile also, helped the farming in Egypt improve. Every September, the Nile, overflowed its banks, spreading water out into the bordering depressed basins. When the waters receded, they left behind a fertile layer of mineral-rich silt, and the farmers could easily plant their crops in the moist soil. The early river-valley civilizations of Mesopotamia relied greatly on the Tigris, and the Euphrates Rivers. Mesopotamia means, â€Å"Land between the rivers.† Mesopotamian civilization developed in the plain alongside and between the Tigris and Euphrates, which originate in the mountains of eastern Anatolia and empty into the Persian Gulf. Without the rivers, the civilizations would have struggled greatly to survive. Reed plants, which grew on the riverbanks and in the marshy southern delta, could easily be woven into mats, baskets, huts, and boats. Also, fish from the rivers and marshes were an important part of the people’s diet [http://search.targetwords.com/u.search?x=5977%7C1%7C%7C%7C%7Cdiet%7CAA1VDw]. Another benefit that the rivers gave to the early civilizations was that, herds of sheep, and goat which grazed on the fallow land provided wool, and milk. Finally, the early river-valley civilizations in the Indus Valley relied significantly on the Indus River. Twice a year the river overflows its banks and spreads for as much as 10 miles. In March and April melting snow would melt and feed the rivers. Then, in August, the great monsoon would blow off the ocean to bring rains that swell streams flowing into the Indus. As a result, farmers in this region of little rainfall were able to plant and harvest two crops a year. With a bad environment and a bad geographical location an early river-valley civilization didn’t have much of a chance surviving. Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley were some of the lucky locations where their environment and geographical location benefited them greatly. Egypt would have had barely any water, Mesopotamia wouldn’t have been able to trade, and the Indus Valley would have had been deserted without each locations geographical gift.

Nutritional Needs over a Life Span Essay

As we grow older, our nutritional needs begin to change. Not only do they change throughout different stages of life, but they also vary depending on whether you are male or female. The following are nutrient requirements for the lifespan of both men and women: Infants Infants of both sexesleave the mother’s womb and live on their mother’s breast milk for the first four to six months of their life. If breastfeeding is not possible, then the infant should be formula fed.This provides all the necessary nutrients to sustain good health during this time frame. From age six to 12 months, infants can begin eating solid foods such as rice, oatmeal, soft fruits, cooked veggies and meats. After they are a year old, they can graduate to eating larger, raw fruits, vegetables and lean meats. Teenagers Teens have to keep a well balanced diet because they are growing during these years. They also have to be able to concentrate in school and get adequate nutrition to help them play sports, as well. They need sufficient iron in their diet; teenage girls usually do not get enough of this. Protein, calcium and Vitamin D are particularly important during a teenager’s growth spurt. This includes fish, chicken breast, skim milk, cheese and low fat yogurts. Boys usually need more calories than girls because they have more muscle mass and tend to grow taller. Another facet of teenage life, particularly for women is the pressure to stay thin. They are more likely to suffer from eating disorders and inadequate nutrition, than males. Read more:Â  Essay on Nutritional Requirements Adults Adult men and women have different nutritional needs based on their occupation and activity level. Those who have sedentary jobs, can get away with eating a 1500-1800 calorie a day diet, without weight gain. However, those who work in field such as construction, cleaning, fitness instruction, etc..require a greater calorie intake of at least 2000-3000 calories daily. Women of child bearing age, must eat plenty of iron rich foods like cooked fish and poultry products, as well as spinach and other leafy green vegetables. Just before and during pregnancy, women have to pay close attention to the diet, as this can affect the health of the baby. Along with obtaining nutrients from all of the major food groups, she may take folic acid supplements to aid in proper development of the child’s spinal cord. They should also avoid raw foods that may contain poisonous bacteria, like fish, eggs and soft cheeses. Older Adults Older adults are not as physically active as younger adults, so their calorie needs are reduced. Calcium is very important to maintain strong bones. Women are particularly susceptible to developing osteoporosis later in life, so they should increase their calcium intake Fiber rich foods such as multigrain breads and slow cooked oatmeal aid in the digestion of older adults. A variety of B-vitamins plus protein help maintain a healthy central nervous system and protects body tissues from damage.

Experience That Influenced Your Academic Interests Essays - Surnames

Experience That Influenced Your Academic Interests Essays - Surnames Experience that influenced your academic Interests UT Texas at Austin The prompt is: Describe and evaluate one experience that significantly influenced your academic interests. Be sure to explain how this experience led to your setting the goals you know have for yourself and why you think the academic program for which you are applying will help you to reach these goals. He Opened the Door to Anywhere and Anything Mr. Trimble- the tall, bike-riding Calculus teacher who truly made me realize the value of education. As far as academics were concerned, I believed I had always tried my best in reaching my full potential. That is, until I met Mr. "T." He made me understand that I was not going as far as I was capable of Mr. Trimble offered to help me out on a couple of problems I had been experiencing with Pre-Calculus, and after a short while he became not only a tutor, but a true friend. I cannot even begin to imagine how many hours I spent in his classroom after the last school bell had rung. Posters of music legends and helpful math mnemonics covered his walls. It was a very spirited room for the lively man he stood to be. He went over the math in great detail while also informing me of how eminently important it was for academics to be my top priority. As an avid swimmer and loyal friend, I was greatly dedicated to the sport and my social surroundings, but Mr. Trimble would always be there to tell me to slow down and repeat his key phrase, "Studying always comes first." Although Mr. Trimble's main purpose was to perfect my Pre-Cal, he did so much more that he was unaware of doing. He convinced me into believing that anything was possible if I put my mind to it and had a brain-full of determinat ion. If I wanted to be the first woman President, he would say "Hey, the sky's the limit." After the year ended, my goals had unconsciously changed for the better. I believed in myself, my capability, and accomplishing anything as though the world was an open door to endless possibilities. I did not just want to be a newspaper reporter, my desire was to be sports editor of the New York Times. Since the University of Texas ranks as having one of the best academic curriculums in the nation, participating in such a program will challenge me tothe best of my ability, probably more than anything ever will. Under the mentoring and guidance of Mr. Trimble, I do not fear the intimidation that college puts forth, I welcome and look forward it.

Are all instincts random and arbitrary

Are all instincts random and arbitrary Human instincts are the innate characteristics that determine specific behaviors while instincts are innate abilities of human beings or animals, which enable them to adapt to diverse and changing environmental conditions for survival purposes. Human beings or animals respond to unique environments depending on the instincts that direct them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Are all instincts random and arbitrary? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For example, when a baby is born, the instinctive responses are crying and sucking, which enable the baby to attract attention of the mother and satisfy hunger respectively. In animals, young ones of birds display instinctive behavior of flying without prior experience. These instinctive behaviors emanate from innate characteristics. Since instincts are innate and specific to certain characteristic behaviors, not all of them are random and arbitrary. Although environment modi fies some instinctive behaviors, others emanate exclusively from the innate characteristics. According to nativists, â€Å"all aspects of human behavior are instinctive and humans have inbuilt instinctive behaviors that are genetically determined †¦ we are born with certain core capabilities and knowledge that provide the basic the basic structure of learning† (Spink 2). Genes are responsible for the specific instincts that are unique to human beings or animals. Within species, instincts are similar due to the similarity of genetic information. On the other hand, species’ variability of instincts occurs due to the diversity of genetic information. Since instincts are innate and specific to certain characteristics, they can never be random and arbitrary because the genetic information dictates them. The genetic makeup defines specific instincts relative to their application in nature. Human beings portray instinctive behaviors that are not arbitrary. For instance, all babies have instinctive behavior of suckling in order to satisfy their hunger. Spink argues that, â€Å"babies engage in sucking behavior that generally emerges unprompted, although some babies have problems with sucking, it is an innate or instinctive behavior† (1). This shows that sucking is a natural instinct, not arbitrary, because all babies have the innate ability of doing it. If the ability of the babies to breastfeed were a random instinct, then, some babies would be unable to breastfeed while others would learn in order to breastfeed properly. Therefore, the ability of babies to breastfeed instinctively and in a uniform manner means that instincts are specific rather than random in controlling human behaviors.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Language development in human beings is instinctive because children can develop it without learning. An informati on behavior is an instinctive process of language development. According to Spink, â€Å"†¦it is a cognitive process that is not taught, but is innate to humans as people are able to consciously understand that they need to undertake behavior processes of information finding, organizing, and using to make sense of their environment (2). Therefore, language development can never be an arbitrary process since human beings use rational and logical minds to understand their environment and to generate information. Animals also depict that, instincts link intricately with the innate characteristic behaviors. For example, all birds have instinctive ability to fly due to innate characteristics of their genes. A young bird begins to fly when wings’ muscles mature while the instincts drive the bird to fly. If the instincts were random and arbitrary, some birds would not be flying while others would have unique abilities such as walking instead of flying. Therefore, not all insti ncts are random and arbitrary because they are innate and specific in their functions. Spink, Amanda. â€Å"Instinct Versus Environment.† Springer Journal of information  Behavior 11.85. (2010): 1-10.

Assessing The Corporate Structure Within Lvmh Business Essay

Assessing The Corporate Structure Within Lvmh Business Essay LVMH Moà «t Hennessy Louis Vuitton S.A. (Euronext: MC), usually shortened to LVMH, is a French holding company and the worlds largest luxury goods conglomerate. It is the parent of around 60 sub-companies that each manage a small number of prestigious brands These daughter companies are, to a large extent, run autonomously. The group was formed after mergers brought together champagne producer Moà «t et Chandon and Hennessy, a leading manufacturer of cognac. In 1987, they merged with fashion house Louis Vuitton to form the current group The group is controlled by the Christian Dior group, which owns 42.4% of shares and has over 58% of voting rights. Bernard Arnault, majority shareholder of Dior, is Chairman of both companies and CEO of LVMH. His successful integration of various famous aspiration brands into the group has inspired other luxury companies into doing the same. Thus Gucci (now part of the French conglomerate PPR) and Richemont have also created extended portfolios of luxury brands. The oldest of the LVMH brands is wine producer Chà ¢tea d’Yquem, which dates its origins back to 1593 Corporate structure LVMH is based in Paris, France. The company is listed on the Euronext Paris exchange and isa constituent of the CAC 40 index. As of 2008, the group revenues of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬17.2 billion with a net income of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2.318 billion. The group currently employs 77,000 people. 30% of LVMH’s staff work in France. LVMH operates over 2,300 stores worldwide. Its current business plan aims to tightly control the brands it manages in order to maintain and heighten the perception of luxury relating to their products. For example, Louis Vuitton products are sold only through Louis Vuitton boutiques found in upmarket locations in wealthy cities or in concessions in other luxury goods shops (such as Harrods in London). This practice contrasts greatly with less exclusive brands which can be bought in shopping malls around the world (http:// en.wikipedia.org) Shareholders At the end of 2008, the only declared major shareholder in LVMH was Groupe Arnault, the family holding company of BernardArnault. The group’s control amounted to 47.42% of LVMH’s stock (with 42.42% held through Christian Dior S.A. and 5.00% held directly) and 63.40% of its voting rights (58.02% by Dior and 5.38% directly). A further 3.4% of shares were declared as treasury stock, with the remainder being free float .(http://en.wikipedia.org) DEPARTMENTS OF LVMH Wines & Spirits Fashion & Leather Goods Perfumes & Cosmetics Watches & Jewelry Selective retailing (Annual report LVMH-2008) MISION AND VALUES OF LVMH Be creative and innovate Aim for product excellence Bolster  the  image  of  our  brands  with  passionate  determination Act as entrepreneurs Strive to be the best in all we do (Annual Report LVMH-2008) Definitions of Human Resource Management Human recourse management is a strategic and coherent approach to the mana gement of organization’s most valued assets: the people working there who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of its objectives. (Michael Armstrong, a Hand book of Human Resource Management 2003) The HRM models are The Matching model of HRM Harvard model of HRM Best practice model The contingency model

How to Take a Blood Pressure Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How to Take a Blood Pressure - Coursework Example Introduction Teaching how to take blood pressure is a matter of serious concern. There are many studies suggesting various ways to teach blood pressure measurement. Still, it is painful to note that blood pressure measurement is one of the most inaccurately performed tasks in the medical field. It becomes evident from studies that most medical students feel incompetent to perform the task successfully due to poor understanding of the underlying theories and also due to limited practical sessions. Considering the connection of blood pressure with various chronic and acute illnesses, it is necessary to ensure that medical professionals are able to measure blood pressure accurately. Studies have proved that computer simulation and video can be enormously helpful in improving the blood pressure measurement. So, this study intends to develop a methodology that will incorporate video and computer simulation to make students able to learn the theory and practice of taking blood pressure. Pr oposal Context Accurate measurement of blood pressure is essential to classify individuals, to evaluate blood-pressure related risk, and to devise management. However, according to AHA Recommendations for Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans and Experimental Animals, â€Å"it is still one of the most inaccurately performed.† (Pickering, Hall, Appel, Falkner, Graves, Hill, Jones, Kurtz, Sheps, and roccella,, 2005). It has been observed that blood pressure measurement has become a very important need these days. As Ako Aotearoa Report (prepared by Bland & Ousey) dated 30 March 2010 observes, variations in blood pressure can be indicators of chronic diseases like coronary heart disease, diabetes and kidney disease and acute conditions like hypovolemic shock. As it has been associated with various diseases, people are in increasing need of regularly monitoring their blood pressure. However, it seems from studies that in nursing schools, students get relatively less skills and con fidence in blood pressure monitoring. Here, it seems useful to think about a computer program that functions as a bank of knowledge and on-line video learning. In a study conducted by Cannon, Kelly, Lyng, and McGrath (2009), it was found that videos along with large scale deployment of skills videos could offer a useful tool to aid teaching. From the study, it became evident that when students were allowed to watch related videos before practical sessions, their performance improved significantly. However, at present, learning BPM means to attend long term courses at a nursing school learning human anatomy. Again, there comes the study that using online exercises and patient simulation is very useful in improving the students’ clinical decision-making ability. In addition, online learning allows discussion groups where students can discuss their issues and find solutions (the Free Library). It seems that effective use of video and computer simulation will help describe the th eory of blood pressure monitoring and human anatomy. So, this proposal suggests that there is the need for a computer program that provides all these relevant information together, in a step-by-step way that starts from basic human anatomy, blood pressure and various diseases, measurement of blood pressure using equipments, videos of taking blood pressure, links to various books and articles, and finally, a computer

Comparison of satire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparison of satire - Essay Example First, his characters were chosen to represent types of people or some generalized aspect of human nature. In Tartuffe, he had characters that portrayed man's distrust of others and the pretentious side of men. The religious hypocrite in the play as well as the proud gentleman was examples of Moliere's building of a character for a satire such as Tartuffe. Second, after choosing the type of character, Molire created certain situations which would illustrate the abnormalities of this type of characters. He exposed the character to situations which demonstrated the character's deviation from the normal, socially accepted behavior. By this method, the audience soon became aware of both the nature of the type and the nature of his nonconformity with society. One of the most apparent uses of this technique would be in Tartuffe or The Bourgeois Gentleman. Third, in continuation of the above point, the play ended when the characters have been fully exposed and sufficiently evaluated their abnormalities. In a play like Tartuffe, however, Molire continued the play for an entire act longer than is often thought necessary. The fifth act of Tartuffe contributes little or nothing to the total view of the play and is a deliberate piece of flattery to the king. An excerpt of Scene I Act V: Last, since Molire's aim was to reveal characters in exemplary situations and expose their oddities, he never included any background information on the characters. All we know of the person consists of those basic traits seen operating at the moment on the stage. There was no additional information provided such as the family background or economic status of the characters. Although this type of drama, satire, necessitates a certain faith in the value of society, the dramatist does not necessarily dislike all of the aspects of his particular contemporary society. Laughter results from the unusual behavior of man that is really happening in the society. Moliere's play had controversies about its criticisms of the traditions and beliefs of religious people. As a result, he had problems in having permission to perform the play. Tartuffe's character according to Moliere was not a living example of the religious faith instead Tartufee was a religious hypocrite. The play presented different types of religious people such as those who pretend to be faithful (Tartuffe), those who are traditional Christians (Orgon) and those who believe that God wanted the people to enjoy all the good things in life such as flesh, power and luxury (Cleante). Moliere depicted the character of Orgon as a believer that men are born with the original sin and that men are bound to be

What is policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

What is policy - Essay Example Considerable manifestations of policy and power are usually apparent when things remain the same or when issues are not discussed or are intentionally suppressed. This way, policy can be expressed in silence, intentional or unplanned. Policy is whatever institutes, firms, and governments have arranged to do during a particular period. According to Colebatch (2009), policy is a term that can be employed in various circumstances and by diverse groups to justify what governs them in the way they think about what the world should be and how they should act. Colebatch has gathered a number of definitions of policy: use of power to attain objectives; a purposive path of action; a predictable program of objectives, values and practices; a path of action by government aimed to attain particular outcomes. An important thing is that a policy ought to have an objective. Colebatch (2009) claims that policy articulates itself in three manners: order, authority, and expertise. Hogwood and Gunn (1984) suggested numerous meanings for policy concept more than 20 years ago (as cited in Potucek & Vass, 2003). Their argument is that the concept of policy is variously employed to express a label for a field of activity, such as education policy as an expression of a broad function, as a program, and as both output and result. On the other hand, Wedel and others (2005), as cited in Rizvi and Lingard (2010), have suggested that policy refers to â€Å"a field of activity, such as education policy† (p. 4). They claim it is a particular proposal, government legislation, a general program and what governments attain. Consequently, a public policy defines the actions and positions taken by the state consisting of a range of institutions sharing the crucial features of authority and collectivity. According to the dictionary, policy refers to principles, directions and rules created or adopted by an institution to attain its prolonged goals. Policy is usually identical with decisions,

Gun Control Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gun Control Issue - Essay Example Holding a gun decreases the probability of attack. When people have weapons, criminals and juveniles have something to worry about. They are not the only ones with power. When they see that their victims have means of defense, they cut down on the violence. They then think before harming them because their own lives are at stake. In this way, fewer lives are lost than if people had no guns to protect themselves. If the latter was the case, criminals would go right ahead and shoot them because they themselves would have no loss of lives to worry about. To develop this point, a small-scale interview will be conducted. The population will be American citizens. The sample will contain two groups; 1) armed group and 2) unarmed group. A series of questions will be asked to educate the readers as to which group feels more secure and has had less trouble to deal with when it comes to criminals. Secondary data from different States will also be used before and after the changing of gun-contro l laws to find the degree of correlation between gun control and crime. There are over two hundred time-series and cross-sectional studies on gun-control (Lott, J.R., 2000). Secondly, I claimSecondly, I claim that if educated and reasonable people (who are not criminals) own guns, they are less likely to use it than if a juvenile has it. Even if everyone follows the realist approach and believe that they should hold guns and the total number of guns increase, there will still be less crime. This is because the population of normal people that own them, use them at most for self-defense. They do not use these to violate the constitution and create crime. Again, statistics will be used to show the probability of normal and reasonable people actually holding guns to do the crime. Finally, the third main point used to carry my statement is that the Supreme Court also supports it. If the Court believes that individuals should hold guns and if they have changed the gun-control laws countrywide, there must be a very good reason.  Ã‚  

Community work program, take position about pros and cons of this Essay

Community work program, take position about pros and cons of this alternate approach to criminal justice - Essay Example The rest of the essay will discuss the pros and cons of this alternative approach to criminal justice. As a result of community work programs, the participant individuals undergo a personal transformation in the way they relate to society. Moreover, the places and events where they serve require volunteers; and when there is a shortfall of volunteers, the criminal justice system can enroll some minor offenders into this program. In other words, the chief strength of community work programs lie in the fact that they are â€Å"essential services†, as opposed to work conjured up on an ad hoc basis in some of the prisons in the country (Zehr, 2002). The drawbacks of the prison system are all too well documented in social science scholarship. Now that crimes in the twenty first century have taken on more devastating proportions in the form of terrorism, etc., the retaliatory and revengeful measures against individuals and groups found guilty of these crimes will only help increase the likelihood of such attacks in the future. Also, unlawful detention and instances of torture are more likely in under such a legal framework. There are disagreements concerning the ends and means of a particular case. One might dispute that the means are more important than the ends they realize. The question of ethics also crops up while dealing with such topics. Human rights activists hold that an individual, however inhuman he/she may be, needs to be treated ethically maintaining human dignity. An additional barrier towards legalizing torture is that a lot of thought and effort needs to be pumped in to make torture acceptable to all sections of t he society. As long as these questions remain unanswered, more inclusive and compassionate approaches like community service would be ideal as the criminal justice system goes forward (Zehr, 2002). Although community work would be too mild

What is policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

What is policy - Essay Example Considerable manifestations of policy and power are usually apparent when things remain the same or when issues are not discussed or are intentionally suppressed. This way, policy can be expressed in silence, intentional or unplanned. Policy is whatever institutes, firms, and governments have arranged to do during a particular period. According to Colebatch (2009), policy is a term that can be employed in various circumstances and by diverse groups to justify what governs them in the way they think about what the world should be and how they should act. Colebatch has gathered a number of definitions of policy: use of power to attain objectives; a purposive path of action; a predictable program of objectives, values and practices; a path of action by government aimed to attain particular outcomes. An important thing is that a policy ought to have an objective. Colebatch (2009) claims that policy articulates itself in three manners: order, authority, and expertise. Hogwood and Gunn (1984) suggested numerous meanings for policy concept more than 20 years ago (as cited in Potucek & Vass, 2003). Their argument is that the concept of policy is variously employed to express a label for a field of activity, such as education policy as an expression of a broad function, as a program, and as both output and result. On the other hand, Wedel and others (2005), as cited in Rizvi and Lingard (2010), have suggested that policy refers to â€Å"a field of activity, such as education policy† (p. 4). They claim it is a particular proposal, government legislation, a general program and what governments attain. Consequently, a public policy defines the actions and positions taken by the state consisting of a range of institutions sharing the crucial features of authority and collectivity. According to the dictionary, policy refers to principles, directions and rules created or adopted by an institution to attain its prolonged goals. Policy is usually identical with decisions,

Community work program, take position about pros and cons of this Essay

Community work program, take position about pros and cons of this alternate approach to criminal justice - Essay Example The rest of the essay will discuss the pros and cons of this alternative approach to criminal justice. As a result of community work programs, the participant individuals undergo a personal transformation in the way they relate to society. Moreover, the places and events where they serve require volunteers; and when there is a shortfall of volunteers, the criminal justice system can enroll some minor offenders into this program. In other words, the chief strength of community work programs lie in the fact that they are â€Å"essential services†, as opposed to work conjured up on an ad hoc basis in some of the prisons in the country (Zehr, 2002). The drawbacks of the prison system are all too well documented in social science scholarship. Now that crimes in the twenty first century have taken on more devastating proportions in the form of terrorism, etc., the retaliatory and revengeful measures against individuals and groups found guilty of these crimes will only help increase the likelihood of such attacks in the future. Also, unlawful detention and instances of torture are more likely in under such a legal framework. There are disagreements concerning the ends and means of a particular case. One might dispute that the means are more important than the ends they realize. The question of ethics also crops up while dealing with such topics. Human rights activists hold that an individual, however inhuman he/she may be, needs to be treated ethically maintaining human dignity. An additional barrier towards legalizing torture is that a lot of thought and effort needs to be pumped in to make torture acceptable to all sections of t he society. As long as these questions remain unanswered, more inclusive and compassionate approaches like community service would be ideal as the criminal justice system goes forward (Zehr, 2002). Although community work would be too mild

Creative Writing Aptitude Essay Example for Free

Creative Writing Aptitude Essay Being a writer is someone who uses writing on a regular basis. You have to be a writer before you can be a good writer. Its about being good or at least good enough. But students dont see themselves as writers at all because they have been structurally defined as deficient. This means that a student is someone who does not write up to a certain standard of performance with academic discourse. A writer does not simply write at someone elses command but on their own initiative. So as a writer and a student you need an independent plan into which you fit into a certain given curriculum and writing assignments. That doesnt mean you should be single-minded, but rhetoric and composition needs be a place where students should realize they need to take control for their educational experience. Rhetoric and composition have become a part of how we do things since we have been young. We are eventually taught in school the types of writing we will need to use in our everyday situations to help us communicate to others for a specific purpose and effectively. This writing informs, persuades, or explains what it is we want the audience to know or come away with. R C studies use academic essays, papers, memos, or class handouts while creative writing studies primarily create literary works. Students are not there to compare one another as writers, artists, or human beings in general. It is a way for each of us to develop our own writing style and self-expression. It builds up the individuals ability to express his or her own thoughts and technique more clearly by engaging into writing to get our mind working. Creative writing and compositions studies†¦ seem to operate with a distinct sense of a constituency for its teaching, an audience for its writing, and a function it performs† (Lardner, 770). Creative writing is a way to express what you feel inside your heart or the ideas that are in your head. It gives the writers a means for expressing their views of their surroundings and their world. Individuality exists in creative writing because the work is never the same as someone elses. It is a personal expression that comes from each individual writer at each individual moment. However, the true test of creativity occurs when the writing can be said to give readers an experience. For that the reason the writing is called Creative because it creates an experience in the minds of its readers. Examples of some these writing forms are: poetry, fiction, and creative nonfiction. Each form has its own concepts involved with R C because creative writing uses your self-expression as a big part of development than formality. Let’s start off with poetry. Poetry is possibly the most comprehensive way we have of expressing ourselves. Poetry works at a deep level of emotion. â€Å"To feel emotion is at least to feel. The crime against life, the worst of all crimes, is not to feel† (MacLeish, 66). Poetry opens up your emotions and helps you express anything through the use of metaphors, images, and feelings. â€Å"Often the poet operates by suggestion and implication† as well (Adams, 11). Poetry starts in odd phrases, an image, a tune in the head, a deeply incoherent pain. The originating emotion still congests the lines or, in striving for uniqueness, the work becomes untidy, exaggerated or confused. So each property (meaning, association, weight, color, duration, shape, texture, etc. ) changes as words are combined into phrases, rhythms, lines, stanzas and eventually completed poems. Out of those properties the poetry is built, even if the end cannot be entirely foreseen. In responding to what has been written; feeling it, understanding it, and extending its potential with imagination, honesty and sensitivity that very fine lines, vocal use, ample sympathies, kindness of heart and a consideration for the human condition become essential. But poetry is nothing without extended labor. In contrast to the development of a delicate tension between speaker and subject, between various parts of a poem and between the feelings warring within the speaker,† there also can be a â€Å"considerable looseness and vagueness† (Adams, 15). You can either have a clear understanding of what you think the poetry is portraying or you can be at a complete loss. Poetry trains the personality needed to be an artist, an unlimited capacity to be honest and take pains. It calls for self-criticism, which becomes essential as a writers talents develop. Criticism also â€Å"hones† skills that involve the poet’s needs by close reading, clarification and evaluation. It also requires the analysis and growth out of the very development between audience response and the poet. â€Å"The poet writes to [an audience] representing artistic perfection rather than to a reader chosen at random† (Adams, 143). Poetry may be complex, requiring a good deal of sorting out, but there has to be an immediate impact of some sort that allows the reviewer to be in awe. Poets need to know whats been done before, and how comparisons may be objectively undertaken. The next form I will discuss is fiction. Fiction is most definitely my favorite. The first thing you need to know is the age group you are writing for. You can write for children, teenagers, young adults, adults, etc. This is perhaps a really important step before writing because you need to know what your audience wants and expects. After you have selected your age group then take the time to see what is out there in the age range that you want to write for. If the current rage is spaceships and outer space themes then writing about cowboys just wont cut it unless the cowboy is somehow swept into outer space. You also need to research what you will be writing about because some of the time you won’t know much about the topic you’ve chosen. â€Å"Research gives you a chance to investigate all those subjects you’ve always wanted to know about and it gives the breath of life and authenticity to your work† (Kubis, 150). Once you’ve done some research, now it is time to get started. Remember all fiction has a beginning, middle and an end. You need to start your story at the point that something happens to change it all by giving your characters a problem. It must be a worthwhile dilemma. For example, a girl who wants to move out of her parents house and is trying to find an apartment that she really wants when her parents refuse to help her because she can do it on her own is not an interesting problem. On the other hand, a lady who has three days to move out of her parent’s house is a more intriguing problem. Give your audience a reason to support your main character. â€Å"You want to achieve a character that is so real, so human, it seems inevitable that [she] does the thing you’ve determined [she] must do† (Kubis, 49). Your story should progress toward the middle, the climax of your story. â€Å"The hero had to solve the dilemma [herself], without having outside forces do it for [her]† (Kubis, 3). It should climax into a problem that is worth caring about, and â€Å"it should influence the outcome of the story†¦ [but it] does not necessarily resolve the story [only] provides information that leads to the resolution† (kubis, 113). From there you need to let the readers know how it was adequately resolved with a positive result or a defeat. Then there is view point is which the story being told. Who is telling the story or through whose eyes is the story being related? Is it a narrator, the main character, a secondary character? Once you start with a viewpoint stick with it. Do not switch from character to character. Also stay away from over used phrases. Over done phrases are a definite no. Describing something as black as night is too boring. Look for a different way of saying the same thing. You could say ‘black ink dark’ or ‘all encompassing black’. Make a list of all the overdone phrases you can think of and then practice saying them a different way. Nothing is ever said in your story that doesnt lead you somewhere. Know how to correspond properly. It will make all the difference to a readers understanding of what you are trying to say. Never throw in information that does not lead your story forward. Try to find a fresh way of telling a story by saying it again but differently. If everyone is writing about pirates it can get pretty boring after awhile if you use a similar plot line like everyone else. Find a fresh way of telling the same story, maybe from a captive’s point of view or how someone became an unwilling pirate. Use the phrase what if. Ask what if such and such happens what would be the result and if this happened what would be the outcome. This is the time to use your imagination. Get creative and see where it leads you. The last form I will talk about is creative nonfiction. Not a lot of people know what it is and it can take on different styles: a narrative, personal essays, memoir, travel writing, food writing, biography, literary journalism, short stories, etc. Its where you research a topic just as a journalist does but the writer must write in scenes. They don’t think of facts as the basic building blocks of their stories; they think scenes instead. A scene in creative nonfiction occurs in a specific place (where); usually the narrator and one or more others are there (who); at a particular time (when); something happens (what); people converse (dialog or captured conversation); and sometimes someone thinks about something. We like to see scenes in front of us since life does seem to occur as a series of scenes. To get a story from a particular subject you may have to be pokey by uncovering innermost thoughts and feelings of those interviewed. There’s highly involved research effort required that the writer should be willing and financially able to stick with a story for weeks, months, or even years. The creative nonfiction writer can’t work out of his or her memory and imagination alone, he or she must conduct research out in the real world, the raucous world, the dirty world. You should go around collecting facts from dusty records at City Hall, interviewing experts, and talking with the people involved. Also talk with the people immediately involved in the tory to flush out, and add fresh ideas, ideas you might never have come up with on your own, provide different angles, views, perspectives, and insights on the person or the topic under study. This requirement to work away from the studio or the study turns some writers away from this form of writing. Others love that side of the profession, it’s what draws them in. An important consideration before you begin to write in scenes is choosing the structure of your writing in the first place. â€Å"Structure is the arrangement of parts and all the techniques you use to hold the parts together and make it do what it is intended to do† (Gerard, 156). Most creative nonfiction writers may have a structure well in mind before writing at all because the material is promoted in the subconscious. Having the security of structure, or even just some structure, enables the writer to relax and play with any number of creative possibilities to perk up each scene. Since creative nonfiction is typically written scene by scene and is usually joined or separated by passages from a running account of what is happening at the moment, you need to study and perfect the structure. Some of these potential scenes will be embedded in the narrative synopsis, but it’s important to first identify the scenes that make up a story. The writer needs to select only those events that seem to have the greatest potential and then organize them into what seems will be the best sequence, which is not always chronological. â€Å"The hardest part of writing creative nonfiction is that you’re stuck with what really happened – you can’t make it up† (Gerard, 5). The goal is to communicate information, just as a reporter does, but in the way you construct a story. The relationship between the one who tells the story and the story itself may help determine if the story should be told in the first or third person point of view. Some say the third person point of view is the most difficult but the most rewarding since the author has to stay more out the way. In writing in first person narrative you need to learn how to get out of the way by being subjective but maintain objectivity. Just remember that you are the first person or narrator. It’s a balancing act but it has to do with finding a voice. Once the voice is found, the writer can posture, say things not meant, imply things not said, and have fun. Once you find the right voice for a piece of writing, it allows warmth, concern, compassion, flattery, and shared imperfections. You can also show something about a person by letting the reader hear him or her speak when people appear, particularly when they begin to converse, to help the story come to life. We have to learn to watch people unusually close, especially for anything unusual or distinct. Include in your report poses, posturing, habitual gestures, mannerisms, appearances, and glances. Writers frequently describe a group’s entertainment as a way to understand the group frequently looks at the way people dress. Writing about the typical daily life of a person helps illuminate a book and brings in the focus. The creative nonfiction writer can and should occasionally vividly describe the day-to-day life of one person. You should capture conversations and also show the reader how things look to your character in the world, leaving the reader to interpret what it all means. Although usually done sparingly, you might introduce your thoughts on the situation or the people. This emotional content enables you to create dramatic, vivid, accurate scenes. Creative nonfiction is the ability to capture the personal and the private by making it mean something significant to a larger audience. It also provides intellectual substance that will affect readers perhaps even provoke them to action or to change. The relationships of Creative Writing and R C to one another deserve attention in a number of ways. When we put words onto a paper, it’s our own individual way of expressing what we want to say. As I stated earlier, poetry is possibly the most comprehensive way we have of expressing ourselves. Poetry works at a deep level of emotion. The fact that poetry and prose have coincided in a long line in rhetorical study is, of course, a rewarding area of study. In fact, there’s much to be learned about audience and rhetorical situation by positioning oneself as the writer of poems. Even though rhetoricians might cringe at the idea of having students write styles of poetry, this area of study would be of great benefit to those examining the practice of rhetoric. It might also help rhetoric’s become better communicators to examine their own language to become more fluid, more colorful, and more imaginative. Also it would benefit all audiences to think of writing as a beautiful relationship of language and author. That’s if only because the process has such potential to benefit from the voices and views of others on their own journeys and might allow a fuller recognition of ways composition studies and creative writing coincide.

Choosing A Good Food And Beverage Outlet Marketing Essay

Choosing A Good Food And Beverage Outlet Marketing Essay 1. Introduction Imagine yourself are feeling hungry and feel confused where to eat? Which food and beverage outlet would you prefer to dine in? You might be confused as there are many restaurants in PJ area, these are the question that sometimes comes from our mind. Either to try dines at a restaurant you have not visit before or come back and dine to the restaurant you have tried. The previous study shows that a demand of ethnic food is has increase in worldwide, due to the influence of ethnic diversity, difference of overseas food and cultural experiences on different foods (Josiam Monteiro, 2004). As there are many type of restaurant in Malaysia, therefore in this study I will be focusing on ethnic based restaurants, and focus on Petaling Jaya area. It is important to know about consumers preference especially students in choosing ethnic restaurant. As we know, Petaling Jaya has lots of university and college around and its good to targeting the student to introduce and experiencing ethnic food to them. As there are research problem arise from this study, therefore I come out with research questions which are, What are the factors that can influence student in choosing ethnic restaurant to eat? and also How to improve the ethnic Asian restaurant in order to fulfil student needs based on their behaviour? This study shows that student will become customer for now and for the next generation. There are several objectives arise from this research such as to examine the factors affecting student preference of ethnic Asian restaurant, to find out eating behaviour of student towards ethnic Asian restaurant Lastly, to assist restaurant owners particularly of ethnic restaurant for them to understand deeper on the pattern of student behaviour in restaurant selection This research consists of five chapters in order to meet the research objective. This report would make a significant contribution for the ethnic restaurant owners or the related industry players, with a focus on the factors that affecting student preference of ethnic Asian restaurant in Malaysia. The second chapter begins with a review of the literature related to the buying behaviour of consumer and the consumer buying process. Furthermore, it describes the methodology used in conducting this research in chapter three. After all the details of the results obtained, together with a discussion on the detailed meaning of those findings are presented in chapter four which is under findings and analysis. Then, recommendations and conclusion will be showed at the end. 1.1 Malaysia Foods Understanding the culture in Malaysia is really essential in order to develop a new restaurant or to improve an existing restaurant. Malaysia is a multi-ethnic and multi-culture country with the population in February 2007 is 62% Malays, 24% Chinese, and 8% Indians, the rest are others (Zahari, et al, 2005). The Malays are the largest community, which defined as Muslim because Malaysia is an Islamic country. Each population in Malaysia has different unique culture. The main food product in Malaysia is the same, no matter what the cultures are, and it is rice. They usually eat with different side dish such as vegetable, meat, and seafood. 1.1.1 Malays Cuisine The Malays cuisine shows strong influences from the countryside, like Indonesia. The religions of these malays are mostly Muslim. In order to fulfill the needs of Malaysian, the cuisine in Malaysia must have certificated of Halal, which means the food in one restaurant does not contain any ingredient from any part or product of animals that are considered non-halal to Muslims by Islamic Law or products of animals, which are not slaughtered according to Islamic Law. But, the government also allows the restaurant with non-halal food to grow in Malaysia. Malays culture has different manner of dining. They use their fingers to eat, if they are not using any utensils. Malays are advised not to eat more than two-third of their capacity and sharing is recommended. Malays cuisine incorporates a lot of herbs and spices. Preparation and seasoning are important factors when it comes to the making Malays cuisine. Desserts are a must for any Malays meal, either only fruits or sweet dessert that i ncludes ingredients such as coconut milk, palm sugar, and flour. According to the research conducted, Malays consume more flour products than other ethnic groups (Zahari, et al, 2005). 1.1.2 Chinese Cuisine The Chinese have been setting in Malaysia for many centuries. It has been influenced by Malays culture. Their eating habit is slightly different from Malays. Most of the Chinese prefers to eat the food from their origin country, called as Chinese food. The taste of the food is more salty compare to Malays food. The Chinese can eat in non-halal restaurant. That is one of the reason a lot of restaurants in Malaysia are non-halal. Chinese eating manner is usually eating their foods with chopstick. They usually eat the rice in the bowl with the side dish separately in small plate. The manner of eating is shared with their family or friends. For the dessert, they prefer to have fruits. From the research of the Chinese restaurant, they mostly have more variety in appetizer compare to the dessert. The culture of Chinese is they like to hang out together with their friends in the restaurant, do some drinking beer or might be drink tea only (Zahari, et al, 2005) 1.1.3 Indians cuisine The Indian community in Malaysia is the smallest of the three main ethnic cultures. The Indian who come to Malaysia bring with them the Hindu culture, especially for their cuisine. The cuisine of Indian is similar with Malay cuisine. They use a lot of herbs and spices that originated from India. The example of Indian cuisine is curry, briyani rice. The taste of their cuisine is tastier and have unique flavor compare to other ethnic cuisine. The eating manner in Indian culture is almost the same with Malays culture. If they not use the utensil, they will eat using their finger (Zahari, et al, 2005). Many cultures have greatly influenced the cuisine, from Malaysia and the surrounding areas. Most of the influence comes from Malay, Chinese, Indian, Thai, Javanese, and Sumatran culture. And most of this is due to Malaysia is a part of the ancient spice route. The cuisine is very similar to Singapore and Brunei, and also bears resemblance to Filipino cuisine. The different states of Malaysia have varied dishes. Most of the time, the food in Malaysia is different from the original dishes. This means that although much of Malaysian food can be traced back to a certain culture, they have their own identity. Therefore, these researches are conduct to another ethnical food that is minority provided in Malaysia, for example Korean food, Thailand food, Indonesian food, Japanese food and Vietnamese food. 1.2 Petaling Jaya Eating is one of Malaysias cultures as they have varieties of national and international food, and Petaling Jaya area is one of the favourite eating places for food hunter in this nation. With an abundance of eateries all over the place, and this city also often dubbed Foodies Haven by food lovers (www.asiawebdirect.com). All types of food and establishment can be found here. From 24 hour mamak stalls to bistros, these place are becoming heart and soul of the city. The reason why this research will conduct on Petaling Jaya area is because Petaling jaya is located on petaling district of Selangor state. This is one of the largest cities in Selangor state. 1.3 Ethnic foods The terminology of Ethnic food has been defined by various study. Ethnic food can be defines as a product that have a special ethnic (racial or national) or cultural group favours (The food marketing research, 2008). Ethnic food also could be defined as a specific cuisine that reflect characteristic of the local origin (Utami, 2004). Turgeon and Pastinelli ( 2002,pg. 252) refers ethnic as people that come from different land and a foreign to widespread the culture. An ethnic restaurant means a restaurant that publicity a a regional cuisine of another land (Turgeon and Pastinelli, 2002). 2. Literature review 2.1 Introduction In order to identify how consumer decide which restaurant to dine-in, first, we must understand the studies of buyers behaviour as it is significant and there are many factors that manipulate the manners of customer in selecting food choices. The marketing literature explained that many features may affect the shoppers purchase decision which consists of individual and psychological attributes, cultural, social and environmental variables and promotional strategies (Belk, 1975). Consumers are unique and this distinctiveness can be revealed in the consumption pattern and purchase practice (Pravin Tripathi 2008). The restaurant owners should recognize and understand the consumer because food and beverage outlets are expanded through the consumers preferred of food choice and how popular the restaurants among consumers. The aim of this paper will include consumer behaviour by using consumer decision-making process as foundation and identifies the factors that influence decision about their food preference of ethnic restaurant. This review explains about relationship between consumers and services, consumer decision-making process, and studies of consumers restaurant selection behaviour. Moreover, the connections between customer satisfaction, food quality, service quality and behavioural of choosing are discussed. Lastly, other factors that influence the selection of food are personality traits for example, neophobia and sensation seeking (Stone Pangbom, 1990; Venkatramaiah Devaki, 1990; Raudenbush et al. 1995; Pliner Melo, 1997) and socio economic factors such as, socio economic status, the price of foods (Cabanac, 1995; Jeffrey French, 1996, Steptoe Wardle, 1999). 2.2 Consumers and Services It is important for the service providers to understand how consumers evaluate their offerings (Zeithaml, 1981). Consumers cannot evaluate services in the same way they do to physical goods as services, because they have distinctive characteristics and experience quality. Therefore, services are finding more difficult to evaluate compare to physical goods. The main characteristics that can make services are different from physical goods are: intangibility, variability, inseparability, and perishability. (Kotler et al., 1998; Zeithaml, 1981; 2003) 2.2.1 Intangibility There is an argued between the difference of product and service in the characteristic of intangibility. As a matter of fact it has been said that intangibility is the key to determining whether or not an offering is a service or product (Zeithaml and Bitner, 1996). The intangible quality of service is the services that cannot be seen, touched, feel or taste like physical goods ( Zeithaml, 1981). Usually people are using tangible and intangible factors to make restaurant choice decisions before they come and eat at the restaurant (Rammaniya, 1998). Auty,1992; Soriano, 2002 stated that some of intangible factors from restaurant are: food quality, service quality and value for money. These intangible characteristic of service makes a hard decision to do the actual purchase. Therefore, most of the restaurants are rely on tangible factors such as facilities of the restaurant, decoration, and also atmosphere to fulfil the customers expectation about the restaurants (Bitner, 1990; Wall Be rry, 2007). 2.2.2 Variability Service has a numerous meanings because service may vary across service providers, employees, consumers and service encounters ( Zeithaml Bitner, 2003). The diversity of services makes it difficult for consumers to provide criteria towards one service provider to another service provider (S.Burton, 1990). On the other hand, restaurant operators face challenges due to maintaining consistency of the performance levels between food quality and service quality ( Cadotte Turgeon, 1988). For example, if one waitress provides a good service today and makes the consumers happy, it doesnt mean that on the next day that waitress will be perform the exact service to the same consumers as the previous day. (Kotler et al., 1998). 2.2.3 Inseparability Service is a unique characteristic which are cannot be produced and consumed at the same time before they are purchased and usually called as a simultaneous process ( Zeithmal Bitner, 2003). The service and the product of the restaurant cannot be sold individually, means that are the important thing to get the good perception from guest for their dining experience ( Kotler et al, 1998). 2.2.4 Perishablility Service cannot be stored. In difference to physical goods, it can be stored and sold at the next time, but services are a waste if they are not sold on the day available (Hoffman Bateson, 2001). Similarly, if one customer already reserved a table on the restaurant and suddenly the customer did not show up, it will cause the restaurant operator loss for that table that have been reserved on that day when the restaurant full occupied (Kotler et al., 1998). Service providers often notice it difficult to balance the demand and supply of the services that given by unpredictable character of consumer demand for services ( Holfman Bateson, 2001) 2.3 Consumer decision making process The buyers decision process is significant if the correct information of is distributed at the right time and at the right manner (Chris, 2005), and these literature are explain the steps of consumers decision that typically used when making purchase for a service. The consumer decision-making process are consists of five level which is: recognition from the consumers, information done by the consumers, evaluation of other alternative for the food, service purchase and consumption by consumers and also post purchase evaluation (Zeithaml Bitner, 2003) 2.3.1 Recognition The buying process and choice of food preference can start with the customer will identify a dilemma or a need, for example I am hungry or when a customer will respond to a marketing stimulus such as when you pass by at Starbucks and you are drawn to the aroma of the muffins (Fill, 2005). In a restaurant, Finkelstein (1989) highlight that modern restaurant has lots to do with psychological desire to get recognition for the customer about the restaurant. They want to be seen as a restaurant that could project their brand images and as a part of latest trends (Finkelstein, 1989). 2.3.2 Information Search The information search begins when a customer will decide how much information is needed, if the need is strong and that if it meets the desires and wants. Consumer can find information in many basis (Fill, 2005). Personal sources such as family and friends commercial sources for instants: advertising and packaging and public sources such as, examining and using the product. Once the need recognised, usually the consumers will find for some information about the service provided to fulfil their need. Consumers may look information from their relative or friend and also can search the information from outsource such as internet or magazine as their way to discover what are the services that they purchase ( Zeithaml, 1981) Restaurant meals was one of the categories to be considered in experience quality as they cannot be measure before the purchase, means that the selection of the restaurant was identify to be high( Zeithaml, 1981). Most of the consumers are relied to the personal sources like word of mouth from friends that already experience the restaurants before(Ladhari, Brun, Morales, 2008). 2.3.3 Evaluation of alternatives The study explains that customers generally select the product which is provided by personal source in contrast with commercial sources (Brunett, 2000). In the assessment stage the customer will then analyze how important and imperative the product and services is to them (Brunett, 2000). Once the customers collect all their information needed, they start to raise another set of alternative. The alternative means that option to considered that the price are compatible with the product or service ( Zeithaml, 1981). Consumer can evaluate their alternative by analyzing other factors that related to their needs. They have a different level of the factor affects or likely to choose the service that provide best option that most important to them (Kotler et al., 1998). For example, from two restaurants that offer same menu and service but the other restaurant can get the customer trust just because of one of the restaurant provide cheaper price or other factors that affect consumer decisio n (Brooke, 2004). 2.3.4 Purchase In this level, a purchase decision will take place if the consumers need is strong. If the food is not perceived as positive in its appearance, smell, texture or taste, it is unlikely to be eaten (Hetherington and Rolls 1996).After comparing the alternative, it is the time for the consumer to make a decision to purchase from their chosen service provider. On this level, restaurant service can have different experience from their consumers (Zeithaml Bitner, 2003). 2.3.5 Post Purchase Evaluation On last level, the post purchase evaluation refer to the concern of the customer after purchasing, for instants, a customer think that the food served in the food court are more cheap and more appetizing than the food served in the fast casual restaurants. In this situation, the customer will dine in the food court in his next visit (Kotler, 2005). For example, after dining in an Italian Restaurant, you realized that you want to eat in a Chinese Restaurant instead (Pravintripathi, 2008). The importance of understanding of consumer behaviour plays an important role in the shopping mall operators which have an impact to their marketing strategies. There are several diverse factors that influence the behaviour and priorities of a consumer. Nevertheless additional in depth research and studies are necessary in this field. In addition, there are many factors that can influence consumer restaurant choice in shopping malls in Malaysia. Therefore, below we are going to discuss all the factors that could influence consumer restaurant. Restaurant operator can apply these factors to plan strategies to influence the behaviour of their customers (Monteiro, 2000). 2.4 Food quality, service quality and customer satisfaction The literature of service marketing shows a connection between food quality, service quality, satisfaction of customer and also repeat patronage intention. In general, food quality was mostly affected customer satisfaction and behavioural intention (Namkung Jang, 2007). Furthermore, it has been well authorize by a number of studies that service quality is an priority reason to determine customer satisfaction (Chow et al, 2007) Research Methodology The research methodology that will be use in this research paper is quantitative technique, the data collection method will be a form of survey which is questionnaire and the sampling method will be the student from college and university student. The respondents will be male and female in different background and profile but more specific of their ages between 18-25 years old. The reason why this research conduct for student because most of generation x especially college student are having their meal away from home, reflecting their largely activity and single lifestyle (hfgconsulting.com) There will be 250 questionnaires distributed and 200 questionnaires expected to be completed in a correct manner. It will be conducted around Petaling Jaya area which are having some international college such as Monash collage, sunway college, Inti college, and other famous collage around Petaling Jaya area. Potential respondents were pre-screened with the question, Have you dined at an upscale ethnic restaurant in the past twelve months? If the answer was yes, respondents were asked to participate in these research by completing the next questions. The survey will be measure by 5 points range scale, range from 1 ( strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree).

Essay --

Let me point out a few common misconceptions that you might create while conceptualising your own version of Bigg's ideas. 'Surface' and 'deep' are characteristics of the approaches that students might make, not characteristics of the students themselves. The three learning theories I want to discuss are Constructivist, Humanist and Congnitivism. According to constructivist theorists it is important that students do not have misconceptions before they start to learn a new concept. Teachers should identify the students current understanding and ideas in order to construct new meaning. This can be done, for example, by giving a quiz as an introduction to a new subject, by group discussion, by giving activities after presenting new information or by linking to students previous experiences. When teaching in business I have given students quiz about the economy before discussing and teaching the subject. This way I can asses what level of knowledge and understanding there already is on the subject before the learners begin to construct new meaning. I would then present some infor...

Percy Shelley and His Use of Romantic Elements Essay -- Literary Analy

Romanticism, an intellectual and cultural movement during the late 18th to 19th century that followed the Age of Enlightenment, could be described as a rebellion against the social and political norms of the aristocratic society. Merriam-Webster defines Romanticism as â€Å"a literary, artistic, and philosophical movement originating in the 18th century, characterized chiefly by a reaction against neoclassicism and an emphasis on the imagination and emotions (Romanticism)†. Historians oftentimes have reflected upon the conscious rejection of conventional societal manners as a characteristic of young poets (Spielvogel 657). Contrary to the rationalistic approach to thought that was typical of the Age of Enlightenment, Romantic literature focused upon human emotion, freedom of thought, individualism, self-reflection and the adoration of the ordinary. Romantic poetry also served as a way to express one of the foremost â€Å"characteristics of Romanticism: love of natureâ₠¬  (Spielvogel 658.) Intuition, free expression of emotion and thought, a return to the sacramental connection with nature and the belief in the goodness of humankind were all critical elements within much of the literature of this time. Percy Bysshe Shelley, a classic example of a Romantic poet, contributed immensely to the legacy of Romanticism. Critical writer Tel Asiado states, â€Å"[h]is poems over flow with intense emotional and radical ideas† (Asiado). During Shelley’s life, he composed many impressive works of poetry that were characterized by the freedom of thought, human emotion, individualism, reflection on the past, thoughts on humanity and dynamic power of nature. Although Matthew Arnold labeled him an "ineffectual angel," 20th-century critics have taken Shelley s... ...tions of Literature. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat, 1965. Print. Hesse, Hermann, Egon Schwarz, and Ingrid Fry. Siddhartha, Demian, and Other Writings. New York: Continuum, 1992. Print. Mazzeno, Laurence W. "Ode To The West Wind." Masterplots II: Poetry, Revised Edition (2002): 1-2. MagillOnLiterature Plus. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. McLean, John L. "Percy Bysshe Shelley." Magill’S Survey Of World Literature, Revised Edition (2009): 1-7. MagillOnLiterature Plus. Web. 21 Apr. 2012. "Note On Poems Of 1818, By Mrs. Shelley." [Notes...by Mary Shelley]. Web. 17 Apr. 2012. . Raymer, John. "Ode To The West Wind." Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-2. MagillOnLiterature Plus. Web. 12 Apr. 2012. Spielvogel, Jackson J. Western Civilization: A Brief History, Volume 2. Seventh ed. Vol. 2. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2010. Print.